Alternative protein fermentation refers to the process by which protein is produced from non-animal sources such as fungi, bacteria, algae, and yeast through the process of fermentation. The aim of alternative protein fermentation is to create protein-rich products that can be used as substitutes for traditional animal-based protein sources like meat, dairy, and eggs. This method of protein production is considered more sustainable and ethical than traditional animal agriculture, which has been linked to environmental degradation, animal cruelty, and health concerns. The resulting alternative protein products can be used in a variety of food applications, including meat alternatives, non-dairy milk and cheese, and protein supplements.

Bioactive proteins and peptides are compounds found in living organisms that exhibit specific biological activities and can have a positive impact on human health. These proteins and peptides are derived from various natural sources, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. Bioactive proteins and peptides can possess a wide range of activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects. They can interact with specific receptors or molecules in the body, influencing various physiological processes and signaling pathways. These compounds can be obtained through various methods, including extraction from natural sources, enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins, or recombinant DNA technology. They are often used in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals to provide health benefits and improve well-being. Some examples of bioactive proteins and peptides include lactoferrin, which has antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties; collagen peptides, which support joint and skin health; angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides, which can help regulate blood pressure; and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) peptides, which play a role in cell growth and repair. Research in the field of bioactive proteins and peptides is ongoing, with scientists exploring new sources and discovering novel compounds with potential therapeutic applications. These bioactive molecules offer promising opportunities for the development of targeted therapies, functional foods, and personalized medicine.

A new type of tea beverage refers to innovative and unique tea-based drinks that deviate from traditional recipes and flavors. These beverages are often created by combining tea with other ingredients, such as fruits, herbs, spices, or milk, to create novel and exciting flavors and experiences. New types of tea beverages can include variations like fruit-infused teas, herbal tea blends, bubble teas, matcha lattes, tea-based cocktails, and iced tea concoctions with creative flavors and presentations. These beverages cater to evolving consumer preferences by offering a wider range of taste profiles, textures, and visual appeal. They often incorporate natural and organic ingredients and may provide added health benefits, such as antioxidants or relaxation properties. New type tea beverages are popular for their refreshing qualities, versatility, and ability to cater to different tastes and preferences, contributing to the overall enjoyment and experience of tea drinking.

Microparticulated egg white refers to a specially processed form of egg white that has undergone a unique manufacturing technique to create tiny protein particles. This process involves subjecting the egg white to high-pressure homogenization, which breaks down the proteins into smaller particles, typically in the micrometer range. The resulting microparticulated egg white has improved functional properties compared to regular egg white. It exhibits enhanced stability, emulsification, gelation, and foaming capabilities. Due to its microparticulate structure, it can provide improved texture, water retention, and stability in food applications, making it a popular ingredient in various food products like baked goods, confectionery, sauces, dressings, and other processed foods. Microparticulated egg white offers benefits such as increased shelf life, improved product quality, and ease of use in food manufacturing processes.

Muffins are small, individual-sized baked goods that are typically sweet but can also be savory. They are similar in shape and appearance to cupcakes but have a denser texture and are less sweet. Muffin batter usually consists of flour, sugar, eggs, butter or oil, and a leavening agent like baking powder. Additional ingredients such as fruits, nuts, chocolate chips, or spices are often incorporated to add flavor and texture. Muffins are baked in a muffin tin, resulting in a round or slightly domed shape with a crispy or slightly crusty exterior. They are enjoyed as a delicious breakfast or snack item, and their versatility allows for a wide range of flavors and variations to suit individual preferences.

Mobile food services, also known as mobile food trucks or food carts, refer to businesses that operate and sell food from vehicles that are specifically designed and equipped for food preparation and service. These mobile food establishments offer a wide variety of cuisines, ranging from traditional fast food items like burgers and fries to gourmet or specialized dishes. Mobile food services have gained popularity due to their convenience, flexibility, and the ability to bring food directly to different locations, such as parks, events, office complexes, and busy city streets. They provide an alternative dining option for customers who are looking for quick and on-the-go meals. Mobile food services often prioritize food safety and hygiene, obtaining necessary licenses and permits and adhering to local health regulations. In recent years, they have become a vibrant part of the food industry, showcasing culinary creativity and serving as platforms for aspiring chefs and entrepreneurs.

Marshmallow is a soft, light, and fluffy confectionery treat that is typically made from sugar, water, gelatin, and corn syrup. It has a spongy texture and a sweet, vanilla-like flavor. Marshmallows are commonly shaped as small cylindrical pieces or as larger puffy squares and are often enjoyed on their own or used as an ingredient in various desserts, such as s’mores, hot chocolate, or cakes. They can also be toasted over an open flame to create a crispy, caramelized outer layer while retaining their soft interior. Marshmallows are a versatile treat that is enjoyed by people of all ages and are commonly associated with comfort, indulgence, and nostalgic moments.

Ready meals, also known as convenience or pre-packaged meals, are food products that have been prepared, cooked, and packaged for quick and convenient consumption. These meals are designed to require minimal preparation or cooking by the consumer and are often available in various formats, including frozen, refrigerated, or shelf-stable options. Ready meals cater to busy lifestyles, providing a convenient solution for individuals who may not have the time or inclination to prepare meals from scratch. They encompass a wide range of dishes, including entrees, side dishes, and complete meals, covering various cuisines and dietary preferences. The convenience of ready meals is achieved through modern food processing and packaging technologies, allowing for extended shelf life while preserving flavor and nutritional content. While convenient, the nutritional quality of ready meals can vary, and consumers often choose these products for their time-saving benefits and the ability to enjoy a quick, hassle-free meal.

Salty puffed snacks are a category of snack foods that typically consist of grains or starches, such as corn, rice, or wheat, that are expanded under high pressure and temperature to create a light and crispy texture. These snacks are then seasoned with salt or savory flavorings to enhance their taste. Salty puffed snacks come in various shapes and sizes, including puffs, curls, and crisps, and are enjoyed as convenient and satisfying snacks. They are popular among consumers of all ages and are often found in snack aisles at grocery stores, convenience stores, and vending machines.

Vegetarian sausage casings are plant-based alternatives to traditional animal-derived casings used in sausage production. These casings are designed for individuals following a vegetarian or vegan diet who seek plant-based alternatives to meat products. Typically made from ingredients such as cellulose, seaweed extract, or other plant-based materials, vegetarian sausage casings provide a similar texture and appearance to traditional casings but without the use of animal products. They offer a cruelty-free option for those who want to enjoy sausage-like products while avoiding meat. The popularity of vegetarian sausage casings aligns with the growing demand for plant-based alternatives in the food industry and provides consumers with ethical and sustainable choices in their dietary preferences.